The key message of this article is that peacebuilding requires a functioning State committed to justice, or at least the full implementation of a peace agreement, addressing also the structural root causes of conflict. The author argues that often the international economic order undermines this possibility. With the so-called humanitarian interventions in the second half of the 1990’s the concept of peacebuilding substituted peace-enforcement from above. This development led the foundation to extend the neoliberal economic doctrine worldwide under the cover of a war against terrorism.